list 4

Binomial name
*Rubus hispidus* L. 1753 not Marshall 1785 nor Mercier 1861 nor Hablitz ex Ledeb. 1844
Synonyms^[1]
Rubus obovalis Michx. Rubus obovatus Elliott Rubus sempervirens Bigelow Selnorition obovalis (Michx.) Raf. ex B.D.Jacks. Rubus davisiorum L.H.Bailey Rubus pervarius (L.H.Bailey) L.H.Bailey

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmeric
Synonyms
Corydalis glauca Pursh
Corydalis sempervirens (L.) Pers.
Fumaria sempervirens L.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Lord_Britton

Quercus ajoensis — Ajo Mountain shrub oak, Blue shrub oak — Arizona, New Mexico, Baja California
Quercus alba — white oak — eastern and central North America
Quercus aliena — Oriental white oak — eastern Asia
Quercus arizonica — Arizona white oak — # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico
Quercus austrina — bluff oak — southeastern North America
Quercus berberidifolia — California shrub oak — # California
Quercus bicolor — swamp white oak — eastern and midwestern North America
Quercus boyntonii — Boynton's post oak — south central North America
Quercus brandegeei — Brandegee oak- Baja California Sur
Quercus carmenensis — Carmen oak — Coahuila and Texas
Quercus chapmanii — Chapman oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus chihuahuensis — Chihuahua oak — northern Mexico and Texas
Quercus cornelius-mulleri — Muller oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus conzattii — Mexico
Quercus copeyensis — # Costa Rica, Panama
Quercus dalechampii — southeastern Europe
Quercus depressipes — Davis Mountain oak — northern Mexico and Texas
Quercus deserticola — # Mexico
Quercus diversifolia — Mexico
Quercus douglasii — blue oak — California
Quercus dumosa — coastal shrub oak — # southern California, Baja California, Arizona
Quercus durata — leather oak — # California
Quercus engelmannii — Engelmann oak — # southern California, Baja California
Quercus fabrei — Faber's oak — central to southern China
Quercus faginea — Portuguese oak — # southwestern Europe
†Quercus furuhjelmi — Eocene to Miocene - Alaska, Kazhakstan
Quercus fusiformis — Texas live oak or plateau live oak — # south central North America
Quercus gambelii — Gambel oak — southwestern North America
Quercus garryana — Oregon white oak or Garry oak — western North America
Quercus geminata — sand live oak — # southeastern United States
Quercus glaucoides — # Mexico
Quercus greggii — # Mexico
Quercus grisea — gray oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus hartwissiana — Strandzha oak — southeastern Bulgaria, northern Turkey, western Georgia, southwestern Russia
Quercus havardii — Havard oak, shinnery oak, shin oak — south central North America
†Quercus hiholensis — Miocene — # Washington State^[3]
Quercus hinckleyi — Hinckley oak — # Texas, northwestern Mexico
Quercus hondurensis — Honduras oak — # Honduras
Quercus insignis — Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama
Quercus intricata — Coahuila scrub oak — # two isolated localities in west Texas, northern Mexico
Quercus john-tuckeri — Tucker's oak — California
Quercus laceyi — lacey oak — Edwards Plateau of Texas, northern Mexico
Quercus laeta — Mexico
Quercus lanata — woolly-leaved oak — # Himalayas, southeast Asia
Quercus leucotrichophora — Banj oak, blackjack oak, grey oak — # Himalayas
Quercus liebmannii — Mexico
Quercus lobata — valley oak or California white oak — California
Quercus lusitanica — gall oak or Lusitanian oak — Iberia, North Africa
Quercus lyrata — overcup oak — eastern North America
Quercus macrocarpa — bur oak — eastern and central North America
Quercus margarettae — sand post oak — southeastern North America
Quercus magnoliifolia — Mexico
Quercus martinezii — # Mexico
Quercus mohriana — Mohr oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus montana — chestnut oak — eastern North America (= Quercus prinus)
Quercus michauxii — swamp chestnut oak — eastern North America
Quercus microphylla — Mexico
Quercus minima — dwarf live oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus mongolica — Mongolian oak — eastern Asia
Quercus muehlenbergii — Chinkapin oak — eastern, central, and southwestern US (West Texas and New Mexico), northern Mexico
Quercus oblongifolia — Arizona blue oak, Southwestern blue oak, or Mexican blue oak — # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico
Quercus obtusata — Mexico
Quercus oglethorpensis — Oglethorpe oak — southeastern North America
Quercus oleoides — # from Costa Rica into Mexico
Quercus pacifica — # Channel Islands, California
Quercus peduncularis — # Central America
Quercus petraea — sessile oak, durmast oak — Europe, Anatolia
Quercus polymorpha — Monterrey oak, Mexican white oak — # Mexico and extreme S. Texas
Quercus praeco — Mexico
Quercus prinoides — dwarf chinkapin oak — eastern North America
Quercus pubescens — downy oak — Europe, Anatolia
Quercus pungens — Sandpaper oak or Pungens oak — southwestern U.S., Mexico
Quercus robur — pedunculate oak, English oak or French oak — Europe, West Asia
Quercus rugosa — netleaf oak or Rugosa oak — # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico
Quercus sadleriana — deer oak — # southwestern Oregon, northern California
Quercus sagraeana — Cuban oak — # western Cuba
Quercus sebifera — # Mexico
Quercus serrata — Bao Li — # China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea
Quercus similis — swamp post oak — southeastern North America
Quercus sinuata — bastard oak or Durand oak — southern North America (= Quercus durandii)
Quercus stellata — post oak — eastern North America
Quercus tarahumara — northwestern Mexico
Quercus toumeyi — Toumey oak — # southwest New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, northern Mexico
Quercus turbinella — Turbinella oak, Arizona Blue Shrub oak, Shrub live oak or scrub live oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus vaseyana — Vasey oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus vincentensis — El Salvador, Guatemala, and southern Mexico
Quercus virginiana — southern live oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus welshii — havard oak, Utah sand oak, wavy leaf oak — # southwestern North America

Section Mesobalanus

Europe, Asia, north Africa. Styles long; acorns mature in 6 months, bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless (closely related to sect. Quercus and sometimes included in it).

Quercus canariensis — Mirbeck's oak or Algerian oak — # North Africa & Spain
Quercus dentata — daimyo oak — eastern Asia
Quercus frainetto — Hungarian oak or Italian oak — southeastern Europe
Quercus macranthera — Caucasian oak or Persian oak — western Asia
Quercus pontica — Pontine oak — western Asia
Quercus pyrenaica — Pyrenean oak — southwestern Europe
Quercus vulcanica — Kasnak oak — southwestern Asia

Section Cerris

Europe, Asia, north Africa. Styles long; acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless or slightly hairy.

Quercus acutissima Carruth. — sawtooth oak — # China (including Tibet), Korea, Japan, Indochina, the Himalayas (Nepal, Bhutan, northeastern India).
Quercus alnifolia — golden oak — # Cyprus
Quercus brantii — Persian oak — southwestern Asia
Quercus calliprinos — Palestine oak — # southwestern Asia
Quercus castaneifolia — chestnut-leaved oak — Caucasus, Iran (Persia)
Quercus cerris — Turkey oak — southern Europe, southwestern Asia
Quercus coccifera — kermes oak — # southern Europe
Quercus franchetii — China, eastern Asia
Quercus ilex — holly oak or holm oak — # southern Europe, northwestern Africa
Quercus infectoria — Aleppo oak, Cyprus oak — southern Europe, southwestern Asia
- Quercus infectoria Olivier var. veneris (C.K. Schneider) Meikle, or Quercus boissieri Reut./Boissier oak — Mount Hermon, Golan Heights, and Jordan
Quercus ithaburensis — Mount Tabor's oak — southeastern Europe, southwestern Asia
Quercus libani — Lebanon oak — southwestern Asia
Quercus macrolepis — Vallonea oak — # southwestern Asia
Quercus semecarpifolia — brown oak or Kharshu oak — # Himalayas
Quercus suber — cork oak — # southwestern Europe, northwestern Africa
Quercus trojana — Macedonian oak — # southeastern Europe
Quercus variabilis — Chinese cork oak — eastern Asia

Section Protobalanus

The intermediate oaks. Southwest USA and northwest Mexico. Styles short, acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.

Quercus cedrosensis — Cedros Island oak — # California + Baja California
Quercus chrysolepis — canyon live oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus palmeri — Palmer oak — # California, western Arizona
Quercus tomentella — island oak — # offshore islands of California + Baja California
Quercus vacciniifolia — huckleberry oak — # southwestern North America

Section Lobatae

The red oaks (synonym sect. Erythrobalanus). North, Central and South America. Styles long, acorns mature in 18 months(in most species),^[4] very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.

Quercus acerifolia — maple-leaved oak or mapleleaf oak — Arkansas
Quercus acutifolia — Mexico
Quercus agrifolia — coast live oak — # California, northern Baja California
Quercus albocincta — Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental)
Quercus aristata — Mexico
Quercus arkansana — Arkansas oak — southeastern North America
Quercus buckleyi — Texas red oak — south central North America
Quercus canbyi — Canby oak or Mexican red oak — # Mexico
Quercus candicans — Mexico
Quercus castanea — # Mexico
Quercus coccinea — scarlet oak — eastern North America
Quercus coccolobifolia — Mexico
Quercus coffeicolor — Mexico
Quercus conspersa — Mexico
Quercus costaricensis — # Costa Rica, Panama
Quercus crassifolia — Mexico
Quercus crassipes — Mexico
Quercus cualensis — # Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur)
Quercus delgadoana — Mexico (Sierra Madre Oriental)
Quercus depressa — Mexico
Quercus dysophylla — Mexico
Quercus eduardii — Mexico
Quercus ellipsoidalis — northern pin oak — eastern North America
Quercus elliptica — Mexico
Quercus emoryi — Emory oak — # southwestern U.S., northern Mexico
Quercus epileuca — Mexico
Quercus falcata — southern red oak or Spanish oak — southeastern North America
Quercus frutex — Mexico
Quercus fulva — Mexico
Quercus gentryi — Mexico
Quercus glabrescens — Mexico
Quercus gravesii — Chisos red oak or Graves oak — Mexico, southwestern North America (Texas)
Quercus graciliformis — Chisos oak — western Texas
Quercus georgiana — Georgia oak — southeastern North America
Quercus hemisphaerica — laurel oak or Darlington oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus hintonii — Mexico
Quercus hintoniorum — # Mexico
Quercus hirtifolia — # Mexico
Quercus humboldtii — Andean oak — # northern South America (Colombia & Panama)
Quercus hypoleucoides — silverleaf oak — # southwestern North America
Quercus hypoxantha — # Mexico
Quercus ilicifolia — bear oak — eastern North America
Quercus iltisii — western Mexico
Quercus imbricaria — shingle oak — eastern North America
Quercus incana — bluejack oak — southeastern North America
Quercus inopina — sandhill oak — Florida
Quercus kelloggii — California black oak — California, southwestern Oregon
Quercus laevis — turkey oak — southeastern North America
Quercus lancifolia — southwestern North America, Mexico, South America
Quercus laurifolia — laurel oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus laurina — # Mexico
Quercus marilandica — blackjack oak — eastern North America
Quercus martinezii — Mexico
Quercus mexicana — Mexico
Quercus myrtifolia — myrtle oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus nigra — water oak — # eastern North America
Quercus oocarpa — Mexico
Quercus pagoda — cherrybark oak — southeastern North America
Quercus parvula — Shreve oak, Santa Cruz Island oak — # coastal California
Quercus palustris — pin oak — eastern North America
Quercus peduncularis — Mexico
Quercus phellos — willow oak — eastern North America
Quercus planipocula — western Mexico
Quercus potosina — Mexico
Quercus pumila — runner oak — # southeastern North America
Quercus rapurahuensis — Talamanca oak — # Costa Rica, Panama
Quercus resinosa — Mexico
Quercus robusta — Chisos Mountains of Texas
Quercus rysophylla — loquat-leaf oak — # Mexico
Quercus rubra — northern red oak — eastern North America
Quercus salicifolia — # Mexico
Quercus sapotifolia — # southern Mexico, Central America
Quercus scytophylla — Mexico
Quercus shumardii — Shumard oak — eastern North America
Quercus splendens — Mexico
Quercus skinneri — Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas, Veracruz) Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras
Quercus subspathulata — Mexico
Quercus tardifolia — lateleaf oak — # two small clumps in Chisos Mountains of Texas
Quercus texana — Nuttall's oak — south central North America (Lower Mississippi River Valley)
Quercus tuberculata — Mexico
Quercus urbanii — Mexico
Quercus uxoris — Mexico
Quercus velutina — black oak or eastern black oak or dyer's oak — eastern North America
Quercus viminea — # Mexico
Quercus wislizeni — interior live oak — # California
Quercus xalapensis — Mexico, Central America

Subgenus Cyclobalanopsis

Illustration of Quercus lamellosa, showing acorns in clusters, with visible rings on their cups

The ring-cupped oaks (synonym genus Cyclobalanopsis). Eastern and southeastern Asia. They are distinct from subgenus Quercus in that they have acorns with distinctive cups bearing concrescent rings of scales; they commonly also have densely clustered acorns, though this does not apply to all of the species. About 150 species.

Selected species

Quercus acuta — Japanese evergreen oak. # Japan, Korea
Quercus albicaulis — # China
Quercus annulata Sm. — # The Himalayas to Vietnam
Quercus arbutifolia Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic)
Quercus argentata — # Malaysia, Indonesia
Quercus argyrotricha — # Guizhou (China)
Quercus asymmetrica Hickel & A.Camus — # China, northern Vietnam
Quercus augustinii — # China, Vietnam
Quercus auricoma A.Camus — # China, Vietnam (synonym Quercus hui)
Quercus austrocochinchinensis — # China, Thailand, Vietnam
Quercus austroglauca — # China.
Quercus bella — # China
Quercus blakei — # China, Laos, Vietnam
Quercus braianensis A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic)
Quercus championii — # China, Taiwan
Quercus chapensis — # China, Vietnam
Quercus chevalieri — # China, Vietnam
Quercus chingsiensis — # China
Quercus chrysocalyx Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam
Quercus chungii — # China
Quercus daimingshanensis — # China
Quercus dankiaensis A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic)
Quercus delavayi — # China
Quercus delicatula — # China
Quercus dinghuensis — # China
Quercus disciformis — # China
Quercus edithiae — # China, Vietnam
Quercus elevaticostata — # Fujian (China)
Quercus fleuryi — # China, Laos, Vietnam
Quercus gambleana — # China, India
Quercus gemelliflora — # Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam
Quercus gilva — # Japan, Taiwan, China
Quercus glauca — ring-cupped oak. # From Afghanistan to Japan and Vietnam
Quercus gomeziana A.Camus — # Vietnam
Quercus helferiana — # China, India, Burma/Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam
Quercus hondae — # Kyūshū (Japan)
Quercus hypophaea — # Taiwan
Quercus jenseniana — # China
Quercus jinpinensis — # China
Quercus kerrii — Kerr's oak. # Vietnam, Thailand, possibly China
Quercus kiukiangensis — # China
Quercus kouangsiensis — # China
Quercus lamellosa — # Himalayas
Quercus lanata Sm. — # Vietnam
Quercus langbianensis — # Cambodia, China, Vietnam. (synonym: Quercus camusiae)
Quercus lineata — # Malaysia, Indonesia
Quercus litoralis — # China
Quercus litseoides — # China
Quercus lobbii — # China, India
Quercus longinux — # Taiwan
Quercus lowii — # Borneo
Quercus lungmaiensis — # Yunnan (China)
Quercus macrocalyx Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam
Quercus merrillii — # Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), Palawan (Philippines)
Quercus mespilifolia Wall. ex A.DC — # Vietnam
Quercus morii — # Taiwan
Quercus motuoensis — # China
Quercus multinervis — # China
Quercus myrsinifolia — bamboo-leaf oak. # China, Japan, Korea, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam (synonym: Quercus neglecta)
Quercus ningangensis — # China
Quercus oblongata D.Don — # Vietnam
Quercus obovatifolia — # China
Quercus oxyodon — # Assam, Myanmar, China, Bhutan, Nepal, northern Vietnam (synonym Q. songtavanensis)
Quercus pachyloma — # China, Taiwan
Quercus patelliformis — # China
Quercus pentacycla — # China
Quercus petelotii A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic)
Quercus phanera — # China
Quercus poilanei — # China, Thailand, Vietnam
Quercus quangtriensis Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam
Quercus rex — # China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam
Quercus rupestris Hickel & A.Camus — # Vietnam (endemic)
Quercus salicina — # Japan, South Korea
Quercus saravanensis — # China, Laos, Vietnam
Quercus schottkyana — # China
Quercus semiserrata — # China, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Thailand
Quercus sessilifolia — # Japan, Taiwan, China
Quercus setulosa Hickel & A.Camus — # Laos, Vietnam
Quercus sichourensis — # Yunnan (China)
Quercus stenophylloides — # Taiwan
Quercus stewardiana — # China
Quercus subhinoidea — # China
Quercus subsericea — # Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines (Palawan)
Quercus sumatrana — # Indonesia
Quercus thorelii — # China, Laos, Vietnam
Quercus tomentosinervis — # China
Quercus treubiana — # Sumatra, Borneo
Quercus xanthotricha — # China, Laos, Vietnam
Quercus yingjiangensis — # China

Notes

Synonymy[hide]

Cepa Mill.
Moly Mill.
Porrum Mill.
Saturnia Maratti
Moenchia Medik. 1790, illegitimate homonym not Ehrh. 1783 nor Roth 1788 nor Wender. ex Steud. 1841
Ascalonicum P.Renault
Schoenoprasum Kunth
Ophioscorodon Wallr.
Geboscon Raf.
Codonoprasum Rchb.
Molium (G.Don) Haw.
Nectaroscordum Lindl.
Aglitheis Raf.
Endotis Raf.
Getuonis Raf.
Gynodon Raf.
Kalabotis Raf.
Kepa Tourn. ex Raf.
Kromon Raf.
Loncostemon Raf.
Maligia Raf.
PanstenumRaf.
Plexistena Raf.
Stelmesus Raf.
Stemodoxis Raf.
Praskoinon Raf.
Trigonea Parl.
Caloscordum Herb.
Berenice Salisb. 1866, illegitimate homonym not Tul. 1857
Briseis Salisb.
Butomissa Salisb.
Calliprena Salisb.
Camarilla Salisb.
Canidia Salisb.
Hexonychia Salisb.
Hylogeton Salisb.
Iulus Salisb.
Molyza Salisb.
Phyllodolon Salisb.
Raphione Salisb.
Schoenissa Salisb.
Xylorhiza Salisb. 1866, illegitimate homonym not Nutt. 1840
Anguinum Fourr.
Rhizirideum Fourr.
Scorodon Fourr.
Milula Prain
Validallium Small

Synonyms^[1]^[2]

Ioxylon pomiferum Raf.
Joxylon pomiferum Raf.
Maclura aurantiaca Nutt.
Maclura pomifera var. inermis C.K.Schneid.
Toxylon aurantiacum (Nutt.) Raf.
Toxylon maclura Raf.
Toxylon pomiferum Raf.
Blue- or white-fruited dogwoods
Paniculate or corymbose cymes; bracts minute, nonmodified; fruits globose or subglobose, white, blue, or black:
Subgenus Yinquania. Leaves opposite to subopposite; fall blooming.
- Cornus oblonga.
- Cornus peruviana. Costa Rica and Venezuela to Bolivia.^[26]^[27]
Subgenus Kraniopsis. Leaves opposite; summer blooming.
- Cornus alba^{[Note 2]} (Siberian dogwood). Siberia and northern China.
- Cornus amomum^{[Note 3]} (silky dogwood). Eastern U.S. east of the Great Plains except for the Deep South.
- Cornus asperifolia (toughleaf dogwood). Southeastern U.S.
- Cornus austrosinensis (South China dogwood). East Asia.
- Cornus bretschneideri (Bretschneider's dogwood). Northern China.
- Cornus coreana (Korean dogwood). Northeast Asia.
- Cornus drummondii (roughleaf dogwood). U.S. between the Appalachia and the Great Plains, and southern Ontario, Canada.
- Cornus excelsa.
- Cornus foemina (stiff dogwood) Southeastern and southern United States.
- Cornus glabrata (brown dogwood or smooth dogwood). Western North America.
- Cornus hemsleyi (Hemsley's dogwood). Southwest China.
- Cornus koehneana (Koehne's dogwood). Southwest China.
- Cornus macrophylla (large-leafed dogwood; Chinese: 梜椋; pinyin: jiáliáng or jiàliáng). East Asia.
- Cornus obliqua^{[Note 4]} (pale dogwood). Northeastern and central U.S., and southeastern Canada.
- Cornus paucinervis. China.
- Cornus racemosa (northern swamp dogwood or gray dogwood). Northeastern and central U.S., and extreme southeastern Canada.
- Cornus rugosa (round-leaf dogwood). Northeastern and north-central U.S., and southeastern Canada.
- Cornus sanguinea (common dogwood). Europe.
- Cornus sericea^{[Note 5]} (red osier dogwood). Northern and western North America, except Arctic regions.
- Cornus walteri (Walter's dogwood). Central China.
- Cornus wilsoniana (Wilson's dogwood). Central China.
- Cornus × arnoldiana (Hybrid: C. obliqua × C. racemosa). Eastern North America.
Subgenus Mesomora. Leaves alternate; summer blooming.
- Cornus alternifolia (pagoda dogwood or alternate-leaf dogwood). Eastern U.S. and southeastern Canada.
- Cornus controversa (table dogwood). East Asia.

Cornelian cherries

Umbellate cymes; bracts modified, non-petaloid; fruits oblong, red; stone walls filled with cavities:

Subgenus Afrocrania. Dioecious, bracts 4.
- Cornus volkensii.
Subgenus Cornus. Plants hermaphroditic, bracts 4 or 6
- Cornus eydeana.
- Cornus mas (European cornel or Cornelian-cherry). Mediterranean.
- Cornus officinalis (Japanese cornel). China, Japan, Korea.
- †Cornus piggae (Late Paleocene, North Dakota)^[28]
- Cornus sessilis (blackfruit cornel). California.
Subgenus Sinocornus. Plants hermaphroditic, bracts 4 or 6
- Cornus chinensis (Chinese cornel). China.

Big-bracted dogwoods

Capitular cymes:

Subgenus Discocrania. Bracts 4, modified, non-petaloid; fruits oblong, red.
- Cornus disciflora.
Subgenus Cynoxylon. Bracts 4 or 6, large and petaloid, fruits oblong, red.
- Cornus florida (flowering dogwood). U.S. east of the Great Plains, north to southern Ontario.
- Cornus nuttallii (Pacific dogwood). Western North America, from British Columbia to California.
Subgenus Syncarpea. Bracts 4, large and petaloid, fruits red, fused into a compound multi-stoned berry.
- Cornus capitata (Himalayan flowering dogwood). Himalaya.
- Cornus elliptica
- Cornus hongkongensis (Hong Kong dogwood). Southern China, Laos, Vietnam.
- Cornus kousa (Kousa dogwood). Japan and (as subsp. chinensis) central and northern China.
- Cornus multinervosa.

Dwarf dogwoods

Minute corymbose cymes; bracts 4, petaloid; fruit globose, red; rhizomatous herb:

Subgenus Arctocrania.
- Cornus canadensis (Canadian dwarf cornel or bunchberry) Northern North America, southward in the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains.
- Cornus suecica (Eurasian dwarf cornel or bunchberry). Northern Eurasia, locally in extreme northeast and northwest North America.
- Cornus × unalaschkensis (Hybrid: C. canadensis × C. suecica). Aleutian Islands (Alaska), Greenland, and Labrador and Newfoundland in Canada.

Incertae sedis (unplaced)

Synonyms^[1]

Lathyrus oleraceus Lam.
Pisum arvense L.
Pisum biflorum Raf.
Pisum elatius M.Bieb.
Pisum humile Boiss. & Noe
Pisum vulgare Jundz.

Binomial name
*Arachis hypogaea* L.
subspecies and varieties
subsp. fastigiata Waldron var. aequatoriana Krapov. & W. C. Greg var. fastigiata (Waldron) Krapov. & W. C. Greg var. peruviana Krapov. & W. C. Greg var. vulgaris Harz subsp. hypogaea L. var. hirsuta J. Kohler var. hypogaea L.
Synonyms^[1]
Arachis nambyquarae Hoehne Lathyrus esquirolii H. Lév.

Synonyms^[2]^[3]

Allium acetabulum (Raf.) Shinners
Allium canadense var. ovoideum Farw.
Allium canadense var. robustum Farw.
Allium continuum Small
Geboscon acetabulum Raf.
Kalabotis canadensis (L.) Raf.
Synonyms^[1]
List[hide]
- Ananas acostae C. Commelijn
  
  Ananas ananas (L.) H.Karst. ex Voss nom. inval.
  
  Ananas argentata J.C.Wendl. ex Schult. & Schult.f.
  
  Ananas aurata J.C.Wendl. ex Schult. & Schult.f.
  
  Ananas bracteatus Baker
  
  Ananas coccineus Descourt.
  
  Ananas debilis Schult. & Schult.f.
  
  Ananas lyman-smithii Camargo nom. inval.
  
  Ananas maxima Schult. & Schult.f.
  
  Ananas monstrosus (Carrière) L.B.Sm.
  
  Ananas ovatus Mill.
  
  Ananas pancheanus André
  
  Ananas penangensis Baker
  
  Ananas porteanus Veitch ex K.Koch
  
  Ananas pyramidalis Mill.
  
  Ananas sativa Lindl.
  
  Ananas sativus Schult. & Schult.f.
  
  Ananas serotinus Mill.
  
  Ananas viridis Mill.
  
  Ananassa ananas (L.) H.Karst.
  
  Ananassa debilis Lindl.
  
  Ananassa monstrosa Carrière
  
  Ananassa porteana (Veitch ex K.Koch) Carrière
  
  Ananassa sativa (Schult. & Schult.f.) Lindl. ex Beer
  
  Bromelia ananas L.
  
  Bromelia ananas Willd.
  
  Bromelia communis Lam.
  
  Bromelia comosa L.
  
  Bromelia edulis Salisb. nom. illeg.
  
  Bromelia mai-pouri Perrier
  
  Bromelia pigna Perrier
  
  Bromelia rubra Schult. & Schult.f.
  
  Bromelia violacea Schult. & Schult.f.
  
  Bromelia viridis (Mill.) Schult. & Schult.f.
  
  Distiacanthus communis (Lam.) Rojas Acosta
Synonyms^[1]^[2]
- Phytolacca decandra L.
- Phytolacca rigida Small
Fumarioideae
- Subfamily Fumarioideae Eaton
Tribe Hypecoeae Dumort.

Hypecoum L. – Mediterranean region to Mongolia and Western China.

Pteridophyllum Siebold & Zucc. – Japan

Tribe Fumarieae Dumort.

Subtribe Corydalinae

Adlumia Raf. ex DC. – Eastern North America, Korea, China

Capnoides Mill. – Northern North America

Corydalis DC. nom. cons. – Eurasia, North America, East Africa

Dactylicapnos Wall. – Himalayas

Dicentra Bernh. nom. cons. – Eastern Asia, North America

Ehrendorferia Fukuhara & Lidén – Western United States

Ichtyoselmis Lidén & Fukuhara – China

Lamprocapnos Endl. – China, Korea

Subtribe Fumariinae

Ceratocapnos Durieu – South west of Europe, north west of Africa

Cryptocapnos Rech.f. – Central Afghanistan

Cysticapnos Mill. – South Africa

Discocapnos Cham. & Schltdl. – South Africa

Fumaria L. – Mediterranean region, Himalayas, East Africa

Fumariola Korsh. – Central Asia

Platycapnos (DC.) Bernh. – Western Mediterranean region

Pseudofumaria Medik. – Italy, Balkans

Rupicapnos Pomel – North west Africa

Sarcocapnos DC. – Spain, Morocco, Algeria

Trigonocapnos Schltr. – South Africa
Synonyms^[2]
List[hide]
- Quercus abbreviata Vuk.
  
  Quercus accessiva Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus accomodata Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus acutiloba Borbás
  
  Quercus aesculus Boiss.
  
  Quercus aestivalis Steven
  
  Quercus afghanistanensis K.Koch
  
  Quercus alligata Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus altissima Petz. & G.Kirchn.
  
  Quercus amoenifolia Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus appenina var. cylindracea (Guss. ex Parl.) Nyman
  
  Quercus appenina var. rumelica (Griseb. & Schenk) Nyman
  
  Quercus apula Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus arenaria Borbás
  
  Quercus argentea Morogues
  
  Quercus assimilis Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus asterotricha Borbás & Csató
  
  Quercus asturica Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus atropurpurea K.Koch
  
  Quercus atrosanguinea K.Koch
  
  Quercus atrovirens Sm.
  
  Quercus aurea K.Koch
  
  Quercus australis A.Kern.
  
  Quercus auzin Secondat ex Bosc.
  
  Quercus avellanoides Vuk.
  
  Quercus axillaris Schur
  
  Quercus banatica Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus batavica Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus bavarica Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus bedoi Borbás
  
  Quercus belgica Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus bellogradensis Borbás
  
  Quercus borealis var. pilosa (Schur) Simonk.
  
  Quercus brachycarpa Guss. ex Parl.
  
  Quercus brevipes A.Kern.
  
  Quercus brevipes Borbás
  
  Quercus brutia Ten.
  
  Quercus bruttia Borbás
  
  Quercus castanoides Vuk.
  
  Quercus commiserata Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus comptoniifolia K.Koch
  
  Quercus concordia K.Koch
  
  Quercus condensata Schur
  
  Quercus coriifolia Vuk.
  
  Quercus crispa Vuk.
  
  Quercus croatica Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus cunisecta Borbás
  
  Quercus cuprea K.Koch
  
  Quercus cupressoides K.Koch
  
  Quercus cupulatus Gilib. not validly published
  
  Quercus cylindracea Guss. ex Parl.
  
  Quercus dacica Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus danubialis Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus dilatata A.Kern.
  
  Quercus discredens Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus dissecta K.Koch
  
  Quercus emarginulata Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus erucifolia Steven
  
  Quercus esthonica Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus estremadurensis O.Schwarz
  
  Quercus ettingeri Vuk.
  
  Quercus extensa (Schur) Schur
  
  Quercus falkenbergensis Booth ex Loudon
  
  Quercus farinosa Vuk.
  
  Quercus fastigiata Lam.
  
  Quercus femina Mill.
  
  Quercus fennessii A.DC.
  
  Quercus filicifolia A.DC.
  
  Quercus filipendula Schloss. & Vuk.
  
  Quercus foemida Mill.
  
  Quercus fructipendula Schrank
  
  Quercus frutetorum Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus geltowiensis K.Koch
  
  Quercus germanica Lasch
  
  Quercus grecescui Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus haas Kotschy
  
  Quercus haerens Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus hentzei Petz. & G.Kirchn.
  
  Quercus hispanica Willk.
  
  Quercus hodginsii Lodd. ex Steud. not validly published
  
  Quercus hohenackeri Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus horizontalis Dippel
  
  Quercus hyemalis Steven
  
  Quercus imeretina Steven ex Woronow
  
  Quercus immodica Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus implicata Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus kunzei Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus kurdica Wenz.
  
  Quercus laciniata Lodd.
  
  Quercus lanuginosa Beck
  
  Quercus lasistan Kotschy ex A.DC.
  
  Quercus lentula Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus longaeva Salisb. not validly published
  
  Quercus longiglans Debeaux
  
  Quercus longipedunculata Cariot & St.-Lag.
  
  Quercus longipes Steven
  
  Quercus louettii Dippel
  
  Quercus lucorum Vuk.
  
  Quercus ludens Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus lugdunensis Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus macroloba Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus madritensis Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus malacophylla (Schur) Schur
  
  Quercus mestensis Bondev & Gancev
  
  Quercus microcarpa Lapeyr.
  
  Quercus microcarpa Morogues
  
  Quercus monorensis Simonk.
  
  Quercus montivaga Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus natalis Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus nescensis Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus nigricans K.Koch
  
  Quercus ochracea Morogues
  
  Quercus oelandica Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus paleacea Desf.
  
  Quercus palmata Vuk.
  
  Quercus parmenteria Mutel
  
  Quercus pectinata K.Koch
  
  Quercus pedemontana Colla
  
  Quercus pedunculata Ehrh.
  
  Quercus pedunculata Hoffm.
  
  Quercus pedunculiflora K.Koch
  
  Quercus pendula (Neill) Lodd.
  
  Quercus pendulina Kit.
  
  Quercus petropolitana Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus pilosa (Schur) Simonk.
  
  Quercus pilosula Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus pinnatipartita (Boiss.) O.Schwarz
  
  Quercus plebeia Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus pluriceps Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus pseudopedunculata Vuk.
  
  Quercus pseudoschorochensis Boiss.
  
  Quercus pseudosessilis Schur
  
  Quercus pseudotscharakensis Kotschy ex A.DC.
  
  Quercus pulverulenta K.Koch
  
  Quercus purpurea Lodd. ex Loudon
  
  Quercus pyramidalis C.C.Gmel.
  
  Quercus pyrenaica Steven
  
  Quercus quaerens Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus racemosa Lam.
  
  Quercus robur (Ten.) A. DC.
  
  Quercus rossica Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus rostanii Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus rubens Petz. & G.Kirchn.
  
  Quercus rubicunda Dippel
  
  Quercus rumelica Griseb. & Schenk
  
  Quercus salicifolia Steud. not validly published
  
  Quercus scandica Gand. nom. not validly published
  
  Quercus schlosseriana Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus scolopendrifolia K.Koch
  
  Quercus scotica Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus scythica Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus semipinnata Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus sessiliflora var. condensata (Schur) Nyman
  
  Quercus sessiliflora var. microcarpa (Lapeyr.) Nyman
  
  Quercus sessiliflora var. pedemontana (Colla) Nyman
  
  Quercus sessiliflora var. tcharachensis Albov
  
  Quercus sieboldii Dippel
  
  Quercus similata Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus speciensis Dippel
  
  Quercus stilbophylla Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus subvelutina Schur
  
  Quercus svecica Borbás
  
  Quercus tanaicensis Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus tardiflora Czern. ex Stev.
  
  Quercus tennesi Wesm.
  
  Quercus tephrochlamys Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus tetracarpa Vuk.
  
  Quercus tholeyroniana Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus thomasii Ten.
  
  Quercus tomentosa Ehrh. ex A.DC. not validly published
  
  Quercus tozzae Dippel
  
  Quercus transiens Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus tricolor Petz. & G.Kirchn.
  
  Quercus tristis Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus turbinata Kit.
  
  Quercus urbica Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus vallicola Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus verecunda Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus versatilis Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus vialis Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus viminalis Bosc
  
  Quercus virgata Martrin-Donos
  
  Quercus volhynica Gand. not validly published
  
  Quercus vulgaris Bubani
  
  Quercus welandii Simonk.
  
  Quercus wolgensis Gand. not validly published
Synonyms^[2]^[3]
List[hide]
- Quercus bicolor var. angustifolia Dippel
- Quercus bicolor var. cuneiformis Dippel
- Quercus bicolor var. platanoides (Castigl.) A.DC
- Quercus discolor var. bicolor (Willd.) Hampton
- Quercus mollis Raf.
- Quercus paludosa Petz. & G.Kirchn.
- Quercus platanoides (Castigl) Sudworth
- Quercus prinus var. bicolor (Willd.) Spach
- Quercus prinus var. discolor F.Michx
- Quercus prinus var. platanoides Castigl.
- Quercus prinus var. tomentosa Michx.
- Quercus filiformis Muhl. ex A.DC., not validly published
- Quercus pannosa Bosc ex A.DC., not validly published
- Quercus platanoides (Lam.) Sudw.
- Quercus velutina L'Hér. ex A.DC.
Papaveroideae
- Subfamily Papaveroideae Eaton
Tribe Eschscholzieae Baill.

Dendromecon Benth. – California.

Eschscholzia Cham. – Western North America.

Hunnemannia Sweet – Eastern Mexico.

Tribe Chelidonieae Dumort.

Bocconia L. – Central and southern America, Antilles

Chelidonium L. – Eurasia

Dicranostigma Hook.f. & Thomson – Central Asia

Eomecon Hance – Eastern China

Glaucium Mill. – Europe to Central Asia

Hylomecon Maxim. – Eastern Asia

Macleaya R.Br. – Eastern Asia

Sanguinaria L. – Eastern North America

Stylophorum Nutt. – Eastern North America, Eastern Asia

Tribe Platystemoneae Spach

Hesperomecon Greene – Western North America

Meconella Nutt. – Western North America

Platystemon Benth. – Western North America

Tribe Papavereae Dumort.

Arctomecon Torr. & Frém. – Western North America

Argemone L. – North America, Antilles, central and southern America, Hawaii

Canbya Parry – Western North America

Meconopsis Vig. – Central southern Asia, western Europe; paraphyletic^[12]

Papaver L. – Northern hemisphere, South Africa, Cape Verde; paraphyletic^[12]

Roemeria Medik. – Mediterranean region, south west Asia

Romneya Harv. – California

Stylomecon G. Taylor – California

Evolutionary lines and subgenera

The three evolutionary lineages and 15 subgenera represent the classification scheme of Friesen et al. (2006)^[27] and Li (2010).^[22] (number of sections/number of species)

Cladogram of evolutionary lines in Allium^[27]

Allium

First evolutionary line

	Second evolutionary line

	Third evolutionary line

First evolutionary line
1. Nectaroscordum (Lindl.) Asch. et Graebn Type: Allium siculum (1/3) Mediterranean bells, Sicilian honey garlic
2. Microscordum (Maxim.) N. Friesen Type: Allium monanthum (1/1)
3. Amerallium Traub Type: Allium canadense (12/135)
Second evolutionary line
1. Caloscordum (Herb.) R. M. Fritsch Type: Allium neriniflorum (1/3)
2. Anguinum (G. Don ex Koch) N. Friesen Type: Allium victorialis (1/12)
3. Porphyroprason (Ekberg) R. M. Fritsch Type: Allium oreophilum (1/1)
4. Vvedenskya (Kamelin) R. M. Fritsch Type: Allium kujukense (1/1)
5. Melanocrommyum (Webb et Berthel.) Rouy Type: Allium nigrum (20/160)
Third evolutionary line
1. Butomissa (Salisb.) N. Friesen Type: Allium ramosum (2/4) fragrant garlic
2. Cyathophora R. M. Fritsch Type: Allium cyathophorum (3/5)
3. Rhizirideum (G. Don ex Koch) Wendelbo s.s Type: Allium senescens (5/37)
4. Allium L. Type: Allium sativum (15/300) garlic
5. Reticulatobulbosa (Kamelin) N. Friesen Type: Allium lineare (5/80)
6. Polyprason Radic Type: Allium moschatum (4/50)
7. Cepa (Mill.) Radic ́ Type: Allium cepa (5/30) onion, garden onion, bulb onion, common onion

Named hybrids involving black oak

Quercus × bushii (Quercus marilandica × Q. velutina) – Bush's oak
Quercus × cocksii (Quercus laurifolia × Q. velutina) – Cocks' oak
Quercus × demarei (Quercus nigra × Q. velutina)
Quercus × discreta (Quercus shumardii × Q. velutina)
Quercus × filialis (Quercus phellos × Q. velutina)
Quercus × fontana (Quercus coccinea × Q. velutina)
Quercus × hawkinsiae (Quercus rubra × Q. velutina) – Hawkin's oak
Quercus × leana (Quercus imbricaria × Q. velutina) – Lea's oak
Quercus × palaeolithicola (Quercus ellipsoidalis × Q. velutina)
Quercus × podophylla (Quercus incana × Q. velutina)
Quercus × rehderi (Quercus ilicifolia × Q. velutina) – Rehder's oak
Quercus × vaga (Quercus palustris × Q. velutina)
Quercus × willdenowiana (Quercus falcata × Q. velutina) – Willdenow's oak

Synonyms^[1]

Quercus californica (Torr.) Cooper
Quercus sonomensis Benth. ex A.DC.
Quercus tinctoria var. californica Torr.

Synonyms^[2]

List[hide]

Quercus discolor Aiton
Quercus leiodermis Ashe
Quercus missouriensis Ashe
Quercus tinctoria Bartram
Quercus tinctoria Michx.

Synonyms^[2]

Synonymy[hide]

Trillium cernuum var. typicum Wherry
Trillium glaucum Raf.
Trillium hamosum Raf.
Trillium latifolium Raf.
Trillium medium Raf.
Trillium cernuum f. billingtonii Farw.
Trillium cernuum var. declinatum Farw.
Trillium cernuum f. walpolei Farw.
Trillium cernuum var. macranthum Eames & Wiegand
Trillium cernuum f. tangerae Wherry
Trillium cernuum var. terrae-novae B.Boivin
Trillium cernuum f. lalondei Cay. & J.Cay.
Trillium cernuum f. marginatum Cay. & J.Cay.
Trillium cernuum f. viride Cay. & J.Cay.

Synonyms^[1]

Anoectochilus dawsonianus H.Low ex Rchb.f.
Anoectochilus ordeanus Jennings
Dicrophyla elegans Raf., [nom. illeg.]
Gonogona discolor (Ker Gawl.) Link
Goodyera discolor Ker Gawl.
Goodyera ordeana (Jennings) Boxall ex Náves
Goodyera ordiana B.S.Williams
Goodyera rodigasciana L.Linden
Goodyera rubrovenia B.S.Williams
Haemaria dawsoniana (H.Low ex Rchb.f.) Hasselb.
Haemaria dawsoniana (H.Low ex Rchb. f.) Hook. f.
Haemaria discolor (Ker Gawl.) Lindl.
Haemaria otletae Rolfe
Haemaria pauciflora Gagnep.
Haemaria rubrovenia (B.S.Williams) Rchb.f. ex Stein
Kuhlhasseltia carrii Holttum
Ludisia dawsoniana (H.Low ex Rchb.f.) Aver.
Ludisia discolor (Ker Gawl.) Blume
Ludisia furetii Blume
Ludisia odorata Blume
Ludisia otletae (Rolfe) Aver.
Myoda rufescens Lindl.
Neottia discolor (Ker Gawl.) Steud.
Orchiodes discolor (Ker Gawl.) Kuntze

List[hide]

Acer coccineum Wender. 1831 not F. Michx. 1817
Acer dasycarpum Ehrh.
Acer eriocarpum Michx.
Acer pavia Dippel
Acer saira K.Koch
Acer tomentosum Desf.
Acer virginianum Mill. ex Steud.
Argentacer saccharinum (L.) Small
Saccharodendron saccharinum Nieuwl.
Sacchrosphendamnus saccharinus Nieuwl.

Synonyms^[2]^[3]

Azadirachta indica var. minor Valeton
Azadirachta indica var. siamensis Valeton
Azadirachta indica subsp. vartakii Kothari, Londhe & N.P.Singh
Melia azadirachta L.
Melia indica (A. Juss.) Brandis

List[hide]

Asparagopsis setacea Kunth 1850
Asparagus plumosus Baker
Protasparagus plumosus (Baker) Oberm.
Protasparagus setaceus (Kunth) Oberm.
Asparagus asiaticus var. amharicus Pic.Serm.
Asparagus lujae De Wild.
Asparagus zanzibaricus Baker

Helianthella, the little sunflower, is a genus of North American plants in the sunflower family.^[4]

Species^[1]^[5]

Helianthella californica A.Gray - California, Nevada, Oregon
Helianthella castanea Greene - San Francisco Bay region
Helianthella ciliata S.F.Blake - Chihuahua^[6]
Helianthella durangensis B.L.Turner - Durango
Helianthella gypsophila B.L.Turner - Nuevo León, Coahuila
Helianthella mexicana A.Gray - San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas, etc.
Helianthella microcephala (A.Gray) A.Gray - Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah
Helianthella parryi A.Gray - Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah
Helianthella quinquenervis (Hook.) A.Gray - from Coahuila to Oregon + Montana
Helianthella uniflora (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray - from New Mexico to British Columbia

Synonyms^[1]

Anoectochilus dawsonianus H.Low ex Rchb.f.
Anoectochilus ordeanus Jennings
Dicrophyla elegans Raf., [nom. illeg.]
Gonogona discolor (Ker Gawl.) Link
Goodyera discolor Ker Gawl.
Goodyera ordeana (Jennings) Boxall ex Náves
Goodyera ordiana B.S.Williams
Goodyera rodigasciana L.Linden
Goodyera rubrovenia B.S.Williams
Haemaria dawsoniana (H.Low ex Rchb.f.) Hasselb.
Haemaria dawsoniana (H.Low ex Rchb. f.) Hook. f.
Haemaria discolor (Ker Gawl.) Lindl.
Haemaria otletae Rolfe
Haemaria pauciflora Gagnep.
Haemaria rubrovenia (B.S.Williams) Rchb.f. ex Stein
Kuhlhasseltia carrii Holttum
Ludisia dawsoniana (H.Low ex Rchb.f.) Aver.
Ludisia discolor (Ker Gawl.) Blume
Ludisia furetii Blume
Ludisia odorata Blume
Ludisia otletae (Rolfe) Aver.
Myoda rufescens Lindl.
Neottia discolor (Ker Gawl.) Steud.
Orchiodes discolor (Ker Gawl.) Kuntze

Synonyms

Ambrosia artemisiaefolia L.
Ambrosia chilensis Hook. & Arn.
Ambrosia elata Salisb.
Ambrosia elatior L.
Ambrosia glandulosa Scheele
Ambrosia monophylla (Walter) Rydb.
Ambrosia paniculata Michx.
Ambrosia peruviana Cabrera 1941 not Willd. 1805 nor DC. 1836
Iva monophylla Walter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemp

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasminum_officinale

Trichomes scale-like
- Hedera algeriensis Hibberd – Algerian ivy. Algeria, Tunisia (Mediterranean coast).
- Hedera canariensis Willd. – Canaries ivy. Canary Islands.
- Hedera colchica (K.Koch) K.Koch – Persian ivy. Alborz, Caucasus, Turkey.
- Hedera cypria McAllister – Cyprus ivy (syn. H. pastuchovii subsp. cypria (McAll.) Hand). Cyprus (Troodos Mts.)
- Hedera iberica (McAllister) Ackerfield & J.Wen – Iberian ivy. SW Iberian coasts.
- Hedera maderensis – Madeiran ivy. Madeira.
- Hedera maroccana McAllister – Moroccan ivy. Morocco.
- Hedera nepalensis K.Koch – Himalayan ivy (syn. H. sinensis (Tobl.) Hand.-Mazz.). Himalaya, SW China.
- Hedera pastuchovii G.Woronow – Pastuchov's ivy. Caucasus, Alborz.
- Hedera rhombea (Miq.) Siebold ex Bean – Japanese ivy. Japan, Korea, Taiwan.
Trichomes stellate
- Hedera azorica Carrière – Azores ivy. Azores.
- Hedera helix L. – Common ivy (syn. H. caucasigena Pojark., H. taurica (Hibberd) Carrière). Europe, widespread.
- Hedera hibernica (G.Kirchn.) Bean – Atlantic ivy (syn. H. helix subsp. hibernica (G.Kirchn.) D.C.McClint.). Atlantic western Europe.

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NINJA

list 4

Section Mesobalanus

Section Cerris

Section Protobalanus

Section Lobatae

Subgenus Cyclobalanopsis

Notes

Blue- or white-fruited dogwoods

Cornelian cherries

Big-bracted dogwoods

Dwarf dogwoods

Incertae sedis (unplaced)

Fumarioideae

Synonyms^[2]

Synonyms^[2]^[3]

Papaveroideae

Evolutionary lines and subgenera

Named hybrids involving black oak

Synonyms^[2]

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